*Jack Facts*

Fell Terrier 

*Jack Facts*

*Jack Facts*

*Jack Facts*

*Jack Facts*

*Jack Facts*

Key Traits of a Responsible Jack Russell Terrier Breeder:

• Demonstrates in-depth knowledge of Jack Russell Terrier health issues and conducts all necessary health screenings.
• Ensures puppies remain with their mother and littermates until they are at least 8 weeks old, fostering proper development.
• Can confidently compare their dogs to the breed standard, detailing each feature with accuracy.
• Sets fair and reasonable pricing—neither unusually low nor excessively high—reflecting the care and expertise involved.
• Provides photos, pedigrees of both parents, and information about other relatives to ensure transparency.
• Breeds selectively, focusing on one or two breeds to ensure quality, dedication, and expertise.
• Is an active member of local or national Jack Russell Terrier organizations or breed clubs.
• Involves their dogs in competitive events, service roles, or breed-specific working activities to showcase their abilities.
• Asks thorough questions about your experience with dogs, your home, family, lifestyle, and expectations—while being honest about whether Jack Russell Terriers are the right fit for you.
• Requires a commitment from buyers that, should they need to rehome the dog, the breeder will have the first opportunity to take it back.
• Provides complete documentation for each puppy, including medical history, pedigree, registration papers, and detailed care instructions.

*Jack Facts*

Terrier Term 

• • • Angulation: The angles formed by the bones in a dog's rear (pelvis, stifle, and hock) and forequarters (shoulder blade, upper arm, and leg).
    • Brindle: A coat pattern featuring lighter-colored hairs streaked with vertical black stripes, resembling tiger stripes.
    • Drive: The power and thrust generated by the legs, especially the rear legs, during trotting.
    • Grizzle: A coat pattern where each hair is banded with alternating lighter and darker shades, creating a soft, mottled look.
    • Hare Feet: Long, narrow-shaped feet resembling those of a hare.
    • Hound Ear: Large, pendulous ears that hang downward naturally.
    • Occiput: The highest point at the back of a dog's skull.
    • Overshot: A dental misalignment where the upper jaw extends beyond the lower jaw, creating a gap between the incisors.
    • Prick Ears: Ears that stand upright without any folding or drooping at the tips.
    • Reach: The forward extension of the front legs during trotting.
    • Sparring: A controlled behavior where two dogs face each other to assess confidence and presence.
    • Stifle: The knee joint in a dog's hind leg.
    • Stop: The point where the forehead transitions into the muzzle, creating a distinct angle.
    • Undershot: A dental misalignment where the lower jaw extends beyond the upper jaw, causing the lower incisors to protrude in front of the upper ones.
    • Withers: The highest point of a dog's body, located at the top of the shoulder blades.
    • Wry Mouth: A condition where one side of the jaw is uneven or misaligned, creating an asymmetrical appearance.

*Jack Facts*

The English Jack Russell Terrier Club Alliance (EJRTCA) Breed Standard

Height: The ideal height for this terrier is 8 to 12 inches (20-30 cm) at the withers, measured while standing upright.

Body: This terrier should exhibit a sturdy, well-balanced physique, with a body length slightly longer than the height of the legs. Proportions must remain functional and harmonious. The back should be straight, paired with a tail that is carried high and erect. The chest should be narrow enough to be spanned by two hands behind the shoulder blades. The rear should be muscular and well-structured, with good angulation, while the shoulders should be properly laid back for an optimal build.

Neck: The neck must be strong and seamlessly set into the shoulders, ensuring a smooth and natural transition.

Head: The head should be strong and well-boned, with powerful jaws and defined cheek muscles. Eyes are dark, almond-shaped, and expressive, while the nose must be fully pigmented. The ears are small, V-shaped, and lie close to the head. While prick, semi-prick, and rose ears are acceptable, they are not considered ideal.

Teeth: The upper incisors should slightly overlap the lower ones, forming a proper scissor bite. Up to four missing teeth are permissible.

Legs: Legs should be straight and in proportion to the breed's signature short-legged appearance.

Feet: Feet may be of the hound, fox, or hare type, all of which are sound and functional for a working Jack Russell.

Gait: The gait should be free, lively, and well-coordinated, reflecting the terrier's natural energy and agility.

Coat: The coat may be smooth, rough, or broken. It should never be woolly. Smooth coats must be dense and well-covered, including the belly and underside.

Color: The coat should predominantly be white, marked with tan, black, or brown. Ticking or mottling is acceptable, but brindle markings are not allowed.

Faults: Faults include nervousness, cowardice, excessive aggression, weak bites, unsound movement, or minor physical abnormalities.

Disqualifications: Severe issues such as extreme aggression, excessive shyness, or major physical deformities disqualify the dog from breeding. Significant bite problems, including undershot, overshot, or wry mouths, are also considered disqualifying traits.

Terrier Diets

**Jact Facts**

A Guide to Ingredients in Commercial Dog Food

• Meat: Refers to the muscle tissue of mammals, which may include skin, heart, esophagus, and tongue.
• Meat By-Products: Cleaned internal organs of mammals, such as the kidneys, liver, stomach, intestines, lungs, brain, and spleen. It may also include blood, bones, and fatty tissue.
• Meat and Bone Meal: A processed product made from meat and by-products, excluding blood, that has been cooked and rendered into a dry form.
• Poultry By-Products: Includes cleaned parts of poultry, such as internal organs, feet, and heads.
• Poultry By-Product Meal: A rendered and processed product derived from poultry by-products.
• Fish Meal: Fish that has been dried and ground into a fine powder, often used as a protein source.
• Soybean Meal: A by-product of soybean oil extraction, primarily used as a plant-based protein source.
• Corn Meal: Ground corn kernels, commonly used as a carbohydrate source.
• Corn Gluten Meal: The dried by-product left after the removal of bran, germ, and starch from corn. It’s often used for its protein content.
• Brewers Rice: Small, broken rice fragments that are separated during the milling process.
• Cereal Food Fines: Tiny particles from processed breakfast cereals, repurposed as an ingredient in pet food.
• Beet Pulp: The fibrous residue left after sugar is extracted from sugar beets, used as a dietary fiber source.
• Peanut Hulls: Ground peanut shells, often added to increase fiber content in the diet.
• Preservatives: Includes synthetic options like BHA, BHT, ethoxyquin, and sodium nitrate, as well as natural antioxidants such as tocopherols (vitamins C and E). While tocopherols are safer, they offer a shorter shelf life compared to synthetic preservatives.

**Jack Facts**

Diarrhea in Dogs

Diarrhea in dogs can stem from a variety of causes, including excitement, stress, sudden changes in diet or water, food sensitivities, overeating, intestinal parasites, infections (viral or bacterial), or exposure to toxic substances.

Observing the consistency, color, and contents of the diarrhea—such as the presence of blood, mucus, parasites, or foreign objects—can help determine the severity and cause of your dog’s condition. For mild cases, you can withhold food and water for up to 24 hours to allow the digestive system to rest. During this time, you can offer ice cubes to keep your dog hydrated. If necessary, over-the-counter human diarrhea medication may be used, but only in the correct dosage based on your dog’s weight. Once symptoms improve, gradually reintroduce food starting with a bland diet such as boiled rice, tapioca, or macaroni paired with a gentle protein source like cottage cheese or tofu.

Important Note: Not all dogs can safely tolerate food or water restrictions, especially those with pre-existing medical conditions. If your dog’s diarrhea is accompanied by vomiting, fever, signs of toxicity, blood, or if it lasts longer than 24 hours, consult your veterinarian immediately. Timely professional care is crucial in these situations.

**Jack Facts**

**Jack Facts**

Vomiting in Dogs: When to Seek Veterinary Care

Vomiting in dogs can be concerning, and it’s important to keep a close eye on your pet’s condition. Contact your veterinarian immediately if your dog vomits:

• A foul-smelling substance resembling fecal matter, as this could indicate a serious intestinal blockage.
• Blood, which may appear as bright red streaks or dark, coffee-ground-like material, suggesting partial digestion.
• Projectile vomit or experiences persistent, repeated vomiting episodes.

Frequent vomiting can quickly lead to dehydration. If your dog is unable to keep food or water down for an extended period, they may need intravenous fluids and further medical evaluation.

Some common causes of vomiting in dogs include:

• Overeating, particularly in puppies, especially when followed by active play.
• Regurgitation immediately after meals, which could signal an esophageal obstruction.
• Ingesting spoiled food, foreign objects, or dealing with stomach-related illnesses, which can result in repeated vomiting.

Occasional vomiting accompanied by poor appetite, weight loss, or a decline in overall health may indicate internal parasites or a more serious underlying condition. In these cases, seeking prompt veterinary care is essential.

**Jack Facts**

The Jack Russell Jacket

Must-Have Grooming Tools

To achieve a polished, professional grooming finish for your Jack Russell, having the right tools is essential. Here’s your go-to list:

• Narrow-tooth comb
• Slicker brush
• Bristle brush
• Blunt-tipped scissors
• Thinning scissors
• Coarse and medium stripping knives
• Grooming chalk

**Jack Facts**

Skunk Spray on Your Dog? Here’s How to Handle It:

If your dog has been sprayed by a skunk, act quickly and prepare this effective remedy: combine one pint (473 mL) of 3% hydrogen peroxide, 2/3 cup (156 mL) of baking soda, and one teaspoon (4.9 mL) of liquid dish soap or a citrus-based dog shampoo. Dilute the mixture with one gallon (3.8 L) of water and use it immediately. Wear gloves to protect your hands and apply the solution generously to your dog’s coat using a sponge. Allow it to sit for about 5 minutes, then rinse thoroughly with plenty of water. Repeat the process if the odor persists.

Note: This solution may cause lightening of dark-colored fur. Use with care.

**Jack Facts**

A clean Jack Russell Terrier (JRT) should not have a noticeable body odor. Persistent doggy odor isn’t just unpleasant—it’s often a sign that something is wrong. Be sure to check your JRT’s mouth, ears, paws, anus, and genitals for any signs of infection. Impacted anal sacs can also cause unpleasant smells, while a generalized bad odor may point to skin issues such as seborrhea. Don’t overlook unusual odors, and remember that it’s up to you to address the underlying issue—your dog shouldn’t be blamed for a problem that needs your care and attention. 

**Jack Facts**

Pyoderma

Pyoderma is a common skin condition marked by pus-filled sores and crusty lesions. In puppies, it frequently develops in the groin area and is often known as impetigo. Treatment usually includes antibiotics and medicated antibacterial shampoos to speed up healing and prevent the infection from spreading.

**Jack Facts**

Fleas and Tapeworms

Tapeworms are parasitic worms that often appear as small, white, flat segments when fresh or resemble dried grains of rice near your dog's anus after drying. While generally less harmful compared to other worms, their presence can cause discomfort, including irritation and itching around the anal area. Unlike nematode worms, tapeworms belong to the cestode family and require specific treatments, as standard dewormers may not be effective against them. The most effective way to prevent tapeworm infections is by keeping your JRT flea-free, as fleas are the primary carriers of the common tapeworm species (Dipylidium caninum).

Additionally, dogs can contract another type of tapeworm, (Taenia), by consuming infected wild animals.

**Jack Facts**

Tick-Borne Illness: Ehrlichiosis

Ehrlichiosis is a serious but frequently overlooked tick-borne disease that can pose a significant threat to your pet's health. This condition attacks white blood cells, weakening the immune system and leaving the body susceptible to other illnesses. Symptoms of Ehrlichiosis can vary widely, ranging from lethargy, a dull coat, vomiting, and loss of appetite to more severe issues like coughing, joint pain, muscle wasting, seizures, spontaneous bleeding, and anemia. Often, the signs are vague and nonspecific, making the disease difficult to detect. In its early stages, dogs may develop a fever or simply appear "off," with subtle changes in behavior or energy levels. A definitive diagnosis requires blood testing to identify all strains of the Ehrlichia bacteria. Early detection is key, as the disease is highly treatable when addressed promptly.

**Jack Facts**

**Jack Facts**

**Jack Facts**

**Jack Facts**

Sudden Aggression in Dogs

Unexpected aggression in dogs is typically not a sign of illness unless it arises suddenly and without clear cause. Such behavior can often point to underlying issues like pain, hormonal imbalances, or neurological disorders. If your dog exhibits uncharacteristic aggression, it’s crucial to seek advice from a veterinarian with expertise in behavior or a neurologist to accurately identify the cause and provide the right treatment.

**Jack Facts**

Essential Training Tools

Effective training begins with the expertise of the trainer, but having the right tools can significantly improve the process. Key training essentials include a standard 6-foot (1.8m) lead, a lightweight 20-foot (6m) long lead, and a well-fitted collar. While traditional collars are commonly used, many trainers prefer buckle collars for their reliability, and halter-style collars can be especially effective for certain Jack Russells.

**Jack Facts**

Slip Collars (Choke Collars): Safe and Proper Use

Despite their name, choke collars are not designed to choke your dog. A more accurate term for them is "slip collars." When using a slip collar, corrections should be applied gently—a quick, light snap followed by an immediate release is key. For the collar to function correctly, it must be fitted properly: the leash ring should loop around the left side of the dog's neck and pass through the opposite ring. If the collar is worn incorrectly, it may not loosen after tightening, which can pose a safety risk. Always remember, slip collars are strictly for training purposes and should never be left on your dog unattended. Prioritize safety at all times!

Choosing the Right Collar for Your Dog

Selecting the appropriate collar is essential for your dog’s well-being and training success. While slip collars are a popular option for training, they are not suitable for every dog. Puppies, small breeds, or dogs with respiratory issues may benefit from alternative options like harnesses or flat collars that distribute pressure evenly without risk of injury. Consider your dog’s breed, size, and temperament when choosing a collar, and consult with a professional trainer or veterinarian for personalized advice. A well-fitted, safe collar ensures comfort for your pet and makes every walk and training session a positive experience.

**Jack Facts**

Consistency is Key

Consistency plays a vital role in training your dog to respond reliably to recall commands. Use the same word or phrase for calling your dog each time, such as "come" or "here," and ensure all members of your household use it consistently. Mixing commands or using different tones can confuse your dog and hinder progress. By maintaining a clear and predictable routine, your dog will learn to associate the recall command with positive reinforcement and feel confident responding every time you call. Remember, patience and repetition are essential for long-term success.

**Jack Facts**

Essential Jack Russell Training Tips

• Guide, don't force: Forcing your Jack Russell into compliance or trying to dominate them can often lead to resistance, which will slow down their learning process significantly. Instead, focus on using positive guidance techniques to gently steer them toward the desired behaviors, inspiring cooperation and building trust along the way.
• Say it once: Repeating commands over and over or shouting louder won't make your dog understand what you want any better. It’s much more effective to be clear, concise, and direct in your communication. Once you've given them a command, allow them the appropriate time to process and respond to it without unnecessary repetition.
• Create a learning appetite: Your Jack Russell will be much more motivated to train and focus if they're slightly hungry and eager to earn food rewards. Timing matters, so avoid training when they're sleepy, overly tired, or overheated, as these conditions can severely affect their ability to concentrate and retain new information effectively.
• Know when to stop: Both you and your dog will experience good and bad training days, which is perfectly normal. On particularly challenging days, it's perfectly fine to call it quits and try again at a later time. Even on successful days, it’s important to keep training sessions short—around 15 minutes—to avoid exhaustion or loss of enthusiasm. Always aim to end each session on a positive note, leaving your terrier eager to continue learning.
• Be flexible and patient: Training won’t always go exactly as you planned, and unexpected hurdles are bound to arise. Maintaining consistency, staying gentle, and approaching the process with a sense of humor will make all the difference in the long run. By keeping your expectations realistic and your patience intact, you’ll be well on your way to successfully teaching your Jack Russell everything they need to know.

**Jack Facts**

**Jack Facts**

Earthdog Glossary of Terms

• Bolt: The act of forcing quarry to leave its burrow or den.
• Den: A natural burrow used by wild animals, or a man-made structure created for training and trial purposes.
• Earthdog: A dog specifically trained to navigate underground tunnels to locate or confront quarry.
• Enter: The process of training or introducing a dog to underground hunting techniques.
• Hard: A temperament trait describing a dog that shows determination and assertiveness toward quarry.
• Honor: The ability of a dog to stay above ground while another dog is actively working underground.
• Liner: A man-made tunnel system used to simulate natural burrows for training or competitive trials.
• Mark: A behavior where the dog signals the presence of quarry by showing interest in the scent or entrance of a den.
• Soft: A temperament trait describing a dog that is less inclined to actively engage with quarry.
• Vermin: Small wild mammals often considered pests or nuisances.
• Working Terrier: A terrier trained and skilled in earthdog work and underground hunting activities.

**Jack Facts**